Which term refers to the methods a writer uses to develop characters?

The term that refers to the methods a writer uses to develop characters is characterization. This encompasses various techniques, including direct characterization, where the author explicitly describes a character's traits, and indirect characterization, where the character's personality is revealed through their actions, dialogue, thoughts, appearance, and how other characters perceive them. Understanding characterization is critical for readers as it enhances the depth of the characters and allows for a richer reading experience as they relate to and understand the characters' motivations and growth throughout the narrative.

The other terms relate to different elements of literature: theme refers to the central ideas or messages in a text, style pertains to the author's unique voice or manner of expression, and narrative concerns the structure or method of storytelling. Each plays an essential role in literature, but it is characterization that specifically focuses on character development.